Common name: Scientific name: Side hardness,
Janka test;
at 12% moisture content. Kilonewtons: Foot Pounds-force:
afromosia Pericopsis elata 7.1 1560
albarco Cariniana spp. 4.5 1020
alder, red Alnus rubra 2.6 590
alder, white Alnus rhombifolia
andiroba Carapa guianensis 5.0 1130
angelin Andira inermis 7.8 1750
angelique Dicorynia guianensis 5.7 1290
apple Malus sylvestris 7.7 1730
ash, black Fraxinus nigra 3.8 850
ash, blue Fraxinus quadrangulata 9.0 2030
ash, green Fraxinus pennsylvanica 5.3 1200
ash, oregon Fraxinus latifolia 5.2 1160
ash, pumpkin Fraxinus profunda 4.4 990
ash, white Fraxinus americana 5.9 1320
aspen, bigtooth Populus grandidentata 1.9 420
aspen, quaking Populus tremuloides 1.6 350
avodire Turraeanthus africanus 4.8 1080
azobe Lophira aiata 14.9 3350
baldcypress Taxcodium distichum 2.3 570
balsa Ochroma pyramidale
banak Virola spp. 2.3 510
basswood, American Tilia americana 1.8 410
basswood, Carolina Tilia caroliniana
basswood, white Tilia heterophylla
beech, American Fagus grandifolia 5.8 1300
benge Guibourtia amoldiana 7.8 1750
birch, gray Betula populifolia 3.4 760
birch, paper Betula papyrifera 4.0 910
birch, river Betula nigra
birch, sweet Betula lenta 6.5 1470
birch, yellow Betula alleghaniensis 5.6 1260
boxelder Acer negundo 3.2 720
bubinga Guibourtia spp. 12.0 2690
buckeye, Ohio Aesculus glabra
buckeye, yellow Aesculus octandra 1.6 350
buckthorn, cascara Rhamnus purshiana 4.6 1040
bulletwood Manilkara bidentata 14.2 3190
butternut Juglans cinerea 2.2 490
buttonwood Conocarpus erectus
catalpa, northern Catalpa speciosa 2.4 550
catalpa, southern Catalpa bignonioides 2.4 550
cativo Prioria copaifera 2.8 630
cedar, Alaska Chamaecyparis nootkatensis 2.6 580
cedar, atlantic white Chamaecyparis thyoides 1.6 350
cedar, Port Orford Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 3.2 720
cedar, yellow 2.6 580
ceiba Ceiba pentandra 1.1 240
cherry, black Prunus serotina 4.2 950
chestnut, American Castenea dentata 2.4 540
chinkapin, giant Castanopsis chrysophylla 3.2 730
coffeetree, Kentucky Gymnocladus dioicus 6,2 1390
cottonwood) balsam poplar Populus balsamifera 1.3 300
cottonwood, black Populus trichocarpa 1.6 350
cottonwood, eastern Populus deltoides 1.9 430
courbaril Hymenaea courbaril 10.5 2350
cuangare Dialyanthera spp. 1.7 380
cypress, Mexican Cupressus lustianica 2.0 460
degame Calycophyllum candidissimum 8.6 1940
determa Ocotea rubra 2.9 660
dogwood, flowering Cornus florida 9.6 2150
Douglas-fir, coast Pseudotsuga menziesii 3.2 710
Douglas-fir. interior west Pseudotsuga menziesii 2.9 660
Douglas-fir, interior north Pseudotsuga menziesii 2.7 600
Douglas-fir, interior south Pseudotsuga menziesii 2.3 510
ekop Tetraberlinia tubmaniana
elder, blue Sambucus cerulea 3.7 840
elm, american Ulmus americana 3.7 830
elm, cedar Ulmus crassifolia 5.9 1320
elm, rock Ulmus thomasii 5.9 1320
elm, slippery Ulmus rubra 3.8 860
elm, winged Ulmus alata 6.8 1540
fir, balsam Abies balsamea 1.8 400
fir, California red Abies magnifica 2.2 500
fir, grand Abies grandis 2.2 490
fir, noble Abies procera 1.8 410
fir, pacific silver Abies amabilis 1.9 430
fir, subalpine Abies lasiocarpa 1.6 350
fir, white Abies concolor 2.1 480
goncalo alves Astronium graveolens 9.6 2160
greenheart Chlorocardium rodiei 10.5 2350
hackberry Celtis occidentalis 3.9 880
hackberry, netleaf Celtis reticulata
(hackberry) sugarberry Celtis laevigata
hemlock, eastern Tsuga canadensis 2.2 500
hemlock, mountain Tsuga mertensiana 3.0 680
hemlock, western Tsuga heterophylla 2.4 540
hickory, bitternut Carya cordiformis
hickory, black Carya texana
hickory, nutmeg Carya myristicaeformis
hickory, pecan Carya illinoensis 8.1 1820
hickory, sand Carya pallida
hickory, water Carya aquatica
hickory. mockernut Carya tomentosa
hickory, pignut Carya glabra
hickory, shagbark Carya ovata
hickory, shellbark Carya lacinosa
holly, American Ilex opaca 4.5 1020
honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos 7.0 1580
hophornbeam, eastern Ostrya virginiana 8.3 1860
hornbeam, American Carpinus caroliniana 7.9 1780
hura Hura crepitans 2.4 550
ilomba Pycnanthus angolensis 2.7 610
incense-cedar Libocedrus decurrens 2.1 470
ipe Tabebula spp., lapacho group 16.4 3680
iroko Chlorophora spp. 5.6 1260
jarrah Eucalyptus marginata 8.5 1910
jelutong Dyera costulata 1.7 (@15%) 390
juniper, alligator Juniperus deppeana 5.2 1160
juniper, western Juniperus occidentalis
kaneelhart Licaria spp. 12.9 2900
kapur Dryobalanops spp. 5.5 1230
karri Eucalyptus diversicolor 9.1 2040
kempas Koompassia malaccensis 7.6 1710
keruing Dipterocarpus spp. 5.6 1270
larch, western Larix occidentalis 3.7 830
laurel, California Umbellularia californica 5.6 1270
laurel, mountain Kalmia latifolia 8.0 1790
lignumvitae Guaiacum spp. 20.0 4500
limba Terminalia superba 2.2 490
locust, black Robinia pseudoacacia 7.6 1700
macawood Platymiscium spp. 14.0?? 3150
madrone, Pacific Arbutus menziesii 6.5 1460
(magnolia) cucumber tree Magnolia acuminata 3.1 700
magnolia, southern Magnolia grandiflora 4.5 1020
(magnolia) sweetbay Magnolia virginiana
mahogany, African Khaya spp. 3.7 830
mahogany, true Swietenia macrophylla 3.6 800
manbarklak Eschweilera spp. 15.5 3480
manni Symphonia globulifera 5.0 1120
maple, bigleaf Acer macrophyllum 3.8 850
maple, black Acer nigrum 5.2 1180
maple, red Acer rubrum 4.2 950
maple, silver Acer saccharimum 3.1 700
maple, sugar Acer saccharum 6.4 1450
marishballi Lincania spp. 15.9 3570
merbau Intsia spp. 6.7 (@15%) 1500
mersawa Anisoptera spp. 5.7 1290
mesquite Prosopis spp. mora Mora spp. 10.2 2300
oak, black Quercus velutina 5.4 1210
oak, cherrybark Quercus falcata var pagodifolia 6.6 1480
oak, southern red Quercus falcata 4.7 1060
oak, laurel Quercus laurifolia 5.4 1210
oak, northern red Quercus rubra 5.7 1290
oak, pin Quercus palustris 6.7 1510
oak, scarlet Quercus coccinea 6.2 1400
oak, shumard Quercus shumardii
oak, water Quercus nigra 5.3 1190
oak, willow Quercus phellos 6.5 1460
oak, bur Quercus macrocarpa 6.1 1370
oak, chestnut Quercus prinus 5.0 1130
oak, live Quercus virginiana
oak, overcup Quercus lyrata 5.3 1190
oak, post Quercus stellata 6.0 1360
oak, swamp chestnut Quercus michauxii 5.5 1240
oak, swamp white Quercus bicolor 7.2 1620
oak, white Quercus alba 6.0 1360
obeche Triplochiton scleroxylon 1.9 430
okoume Aucoumea klaineana 1.7 380
opepe Nauclea diderrichii 7.3 1630
osage orange Maclura pomifera 9.1 (green) 2040
(green) ovangkoi Goubertia ehie
para-angelim Hymenolobium excelsum 7.7 1720
parana-pine Araucaria augustifolia 3.5 780
pau marfim Balfourodendron riedelianum
peroba de campos Paratecoma peroba 7.1 1600
peroba rosa Aspidosperma spp., peroba group 7.7 1730
persimmon, common Diospyros virginiana 10.2 2300
pilon Hyeronima spp. 7.6 1700
pine, Caribbean Pinus caribaea 5.5 1240
pine, eastern white Pinus strobus 1.7 380
pine, jack Pinus banksiana 2.5 570
pine, Jeffrey Pinus jeffreyi 2.2 500
pine, limber Pinus flexilis 1.9 430
pine, loblolly Pinus taeda 3.1 690
pine, lodgepole Pinus contorta 2.1 480
pine, longleaf Pinus palustris 3.9 870
pine, ocote Pinus oocarpa 4.0 910
pine, pinyon Pinus edulis 3.8 860
pine, pitch Pinus rigida 2.8 620
pine, pond Pinus serotina 3.3 740
pine, ponderosa Pinus ponderosa 2.0 460
pine, Monterey Pinus radiata 3.3 750*
pine. red Pinus resinosa 2.5 560
pine, sand Pinus clausa 3.3 730
pine, shortleaf Pinus echinata 3.1 690
pine, slash Pinus elliotti
pine, spruce Pinus glabra 2.9 660
pine, sugar Pinus lambertiana 1.7 380
pine, Table Mountain Pinus pungens 2.9 660
pine, virginia Pinus virginiana 3.3 740
pine, western white Pinus monticola 1.9 420
piquia Caryocar spp. 7.7 1720
primavera Tabebula donnell-smithii 2.9 660
purpleheart Peltogyne spp. 8.3 1860
ramin Gonystylus bancanus 5.8 1300
redcedar, eastern Juniperus virginiana 4.0 900
redcedar, southern Juniperus silicicola 2.7 610
redcedar, western Thuja plicata 1.6 350
redwood, old growth Sequoia sempervirens 2.1 480
redwood, second growth Sequoia sempervirens 1.9 420
robe Tabebul spp., roble group 4.3 960
rosewood, Brazilian Dalbergia nigra 12.1 2720
rosewood, Indian Dalbergia latifolia 14.1 3170
sande Brosimum spp., utile group 4.0 900
santa maria Calophyllum brasiliense 5.1 1150
sapele Entandrophragma cylindricum 6.7 1510
sassafras Sassafras albidum 2.8 630
sepetir Pseudosindora palustris 6.3 1410
serviceberry Amelanchier spp. 8.0 1800
shorea Shorea spp., baulau group 7.9 1780
(shorea) dark red meranti Shorea spp., lauan-meranti group 3.5 780
(shorea) light red meranti Shorea spp., lauan-meranti group 2.0 460
(shorea) white meranti Shorea spp., lauan-meranti group 5.1 (@15%) 1140
(shorea) yellow meranti Shorea spp., lauan-meranti group 3.4 770
silverbell, Carolina Halesia carolina 2.6 590
sourwood Oxydendrum arboreum 4.2 940
Spanish-cedar Cedrela spp. 2.7 600
spruce, black Picea mariana 2.3 520
spruce, Engelmann Picea engelmanni 1.7 390
spruce, red Picea rubra 2.2 490
spruce, Sitka Picea sitchensis 2.3 510
spruce, white Picea glauca 2.1 480
sucupira Bowdichia spp.
sucupira Diplotropis purpurea 9.5 2140
sumac, staghorn Rhus typhina 3.0 680
sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua 3.8 850
sycamore, american Platanus occidentalis 3.4 770
tamarack Larix laricina 2.6 590
tanoak Lithocarpus densiflorus
teak Tectona grandis 4.4 1000
tomillo Cedrelinga catenformis 870
(green) tree-of-heaven Ailanthus altissima 7.7 1731
tupelo, black Nyssa sylvatica 3.6 810
tupelo. water Nyssa aquatica 3.9 880
wallaba Eperua spp. 9.1 2040
walnut, black Juglans nigra 4.5 1010
white-cedar, northern Thuja occidentalis 1.4 320
willow, black Salix nigra
witch hazel Hamamelis virginica 6.8 1530
yellow poplar Liriodendron tulipifera 2.4 540
yew. Pacific Taxus brevifolia 7.1 1600

Enter your search terms Submit search form